By far the largest and most magnificent building is the Apadana, begun by Darius and finished by Xerxes, that was used mainly for great receptions by the kings. Thirteen of its seventy-two columns still stand on the enormous platform to which two monumental stairways, on the north and on the east, give access. They are adorned with rows of beautifully executed reliefs showing scenes from the New Year’s festival and processions of representatives of twenty-three subject nations of the Achaemenid Empire, with court notables and Persians and Medes, followed by soldiers and guards, their horses, and royal chariots. Delegates in their native attire, some completely Persian in style, carry gifts as token of their loyalty and as tribute to the king. These gifts include silver and gold vessels and vases, weapons, woven fabrics, jewelry, and animals from the delegates’ own countries. Although the overall arrangement of scenes seems repetitive, there are marked differences in the designs of garments, headdresses, hair styles, and beards that give each delegation its own distinctive character and make its origin unmistakable. Another means by which the design achieves diversity is by separating various groups or activities with stylized trees or by using these trees alone to form ornamental bands. There is also an intentional usage of patterns and rhythms that, by repeating figures and groups, conveys a grandiose ornamental impression.
- Apadana, SE Tower Stairway.
- Apadana, Krefter’s Discovery of Foundation Deposits of Gold and Silver Tablets.
- Apadana, SE Tower, Doorway between Passage 9 and Vestibule 8, with Mastiff Statue as Found.
- Apadana, SE Tower, Doorway between Passage 9 and Vestibule 8, with Mastiff Statue as Found.
- Apadana, SE Tower, Close-up of Mastiff Statue and Pedestal of Second Statue.
- Apadana, Column Base from N Portico.
- Apadana, Column Base from E Portico.
- Apadana, Column Base from W Portico.
- Apadana, Fallen Addorsed Bull Capital Presumably from a N Portico Column (Side View).
- Apadana, S Porch, Restored Bull Capital.
- Apadana, N Stairway, E Inner Flight, Persian Guards on the S Face.
- Apadana, N Stairway, E Wing with Bull Capital from the Northern Portico, in the Foreground.
- Apadana, N Stairway, Columns and E Outer Flight, from the Northeast.
- Apadana, E Wing of N Stairway, Susian Guards.
- Apadana, S Face of Outer Flight, Susian and Persian Guards.
- Apadana, Central Facade of N Stairway.
- Apadana, W Wing of N Stairway, Tribute Procession.
- Apadana, N Stairway, Tribute Procession, Syrian Delegation.
- Apadana, N Stairway, Tribute Procession, Ionian(?) Delegation.
- Apadana, Facade of W Inner Flight of N Stairway, Old Persian Inscription of Xerxes.
- Apadana, W Wing of N Stairway, Tribute Procession.
- Apadana, General View of Part of the E Stairway, with Darius’ Palace in the Background.
- Apadana, E Stairway and Central and Northern Parts, with Gate of Xerxes at Right.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, the Ethiopian Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, the Drangianian(?) Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, the Arabian(?) Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Lion and Bull Section of the Central Facade.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, the Skudrian(?) Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, the Sagartian(?) Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, the Indian Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, an Indian Tribute Bearer Carrying Perfume Bottles.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of the Indian Delegation in the Tribute Procession.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, the Parthian(?) Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, the Gandarian(?) Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, the Bactrian Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, Delegate Bringing a Camel as Tribute to the King.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, the Saka Tigraxauda Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, the Ionian(?) Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Three Rows of Reliefs Depicting Tribute-Bearing Delegates.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Three Rows of Reliefs Depicting Tribute-Bearing Delegates.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, the Arian(?) Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, the Babylonian Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, Syrian Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Syrians in a Procession, Bringing Bracelets, Vases, and Vessels as Tribute to the King.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, Susian Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Lion and Bull Section of the Central Facade.
- Apadana, E Stairway (left part), Central Scene on Facade.
- Apadana, E Stairway (right part), Central Scene on Facade.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of Central Scene.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of the Procession Depicting the King’s Riding Horse and Camp Stool.
- Apadana, E Stairway, the King’s Horses and Chariots, Persian and Median Dignitaries.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of Group of Medes and Persians from the Right Lower Register.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Persian Dignitary and a Median Dignitary.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of Persian and Median Dignitaries.
- Apadana, E Stairway, W Face of Inner Flight, File of Persian Guards.
- Apadana, E Stairway, W Face of Inner Flight, Detail of Two Persian Guards.
- Apadana, E Stairway, W Face of N Inner Flight, File of Persian Guards.
- Apadana, E Stairway, W Face of N Inner Flight, Detail of Two Persian Guards.
- Apadana, E Stairway, W Face of N Parapet of Inner Landing, File of PersianGuards.
- Apadana, E Stairway, W (Inner) Face of Parapet Bordering the Central Landing, Antithetic Files of Persian Guards.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Pair of Persian Ushers on the End of the Parapet Flanking the Outer Landing on the North.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, Armenian Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, Armenian Delegation, Detail.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Tribute Procession, Median Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of an Arabian Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of an Arachosian Tribute Bearer
- Apadana, eastern stairway, relief detail. Arian(?)
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of the Bearer of an Animal Skin in the Arian(?) Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of an Armenian(?) Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Babylonian Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Bactrian Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Cappadocian(?) Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Cilician(?) Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of an Ethiopian Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Gandarian(?) Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of the Keeper of the Chariot, Hellenic Group.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of an Indian (Hindush) Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of an Ionian(?) Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Libyan Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Lydian Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Mede.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Mede.
- Apadana, Detail of a Persian.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Persian Guard.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of the Bearer of a Coat in the Sagartian(?)Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of the Bearer of Trousers(?) in the Sagartian(?) Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Saka Tigraxauda Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Skudrian(?) Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of Sogdian(?) Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of Susian Guard.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of the Keeper of the Lioness in the Elamite(Susian) Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Syrian from the Tribute Procession,Carrying Two Vessels.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Horse Led by a Skudrian(?) as Tribute.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail from the Libyan Tribute Delegation.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Jackass Led by an Indian (Hindush) as Tribute.
- Apadana, Detail of the Head of an Antelope.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of an Okapi(?) led by Ethiopians as Tribute.
- Apadana, E Stairway, Detail of a Lion.
- Apadana, Detail of a Cypress.
- Apadana, Detail of an Amphora, Adorned with Two Griffin Heads, Carried byan Armenian Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, Detail from a Handle of a Vase Adorned with Griffin Heads, Carried by a Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, Detail Showing a Vase Carried by a Syrian Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, Detail of an Amphora, Carried by a Median Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, Detail of a Bracelet with Two Griffin Heads, Carried by a SyrianTribute Bearer.
- Apadana, Detail of a Griffins’s Head from a Bracelet, Carried by a SyrianTribute Bearer.
- Apadana, Detail of a Handle in the Form of a Winged Ibex, from a Vessel Carried by a Syrian Delegate.
- Apadana, Detail of a Ring or Bracelet, Carried by a Saka Tigraxauda Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, Detail of Gifts Carried by an Ionian Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, Detail of Gold Vessels, Carried by a Bactrian Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, Detail of Gold Vessels, Carried by a Bactrian Tribute Bearer.
- Apadana, Detail of the King’s Chariot with Lion Frieze and Hub Ornament.
- Apadana, Detail of the King’s Chariot with Lion Frieze.
- Apadana, Detail of the Hub Ornament on the King’s Chariot.
- Apadana, Detail of the Lion Frieze on the King’s Chariot.
- Apadana, Glazed Brick Decoration.